Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disorder affecting the motor neurons—nerve cells that control voluntary muscle movement. These cells are located in the spinal cord. Because the muscles cannot ...

An aortic stenosis murmur is an unusual sound the heart makes due to a narrowing of the aortic heart valve. The narrowed heart valve restricts blood flow from the heart, which can create a murmur.

Childhood spinal pain is common, and early detection is crucial. Proper diet, exercise, and awareness can prevent long-term spinal issues. The vertebral column is more than just a bones stack upon ...

Spinal stenosis, characterized by the narrowing of the spinal canal, compresses neural elements and predominantly affects the lumbar and cervical spine. Symptoms include pain, numbness ...

The study selection process is summarised in Figure 1. From a review of titles and abstracts, 56 potentially relevant studies were identified from the electronic search. No further studies were ...