The assessment depends on antibodies to spot a target antigen using definite antibody-antigen interactions. Indirect ELISA is often appreciated for its high sensitivity and versatility. The core ...

The traditional tool used to detect ANAs is indirect immunofluorescence. A new, automated test, the ELiA Symphony, detects antibodies against a mixture of nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens (ENAs ...

You don’t just pay tax on your earnings and wealth – you’ll also pay indirect tax as part of your everyday, regular spending – but you might not realise it. These types of tax won’t come ...

Brain cells receive sensory inputs from the outside world and send signals throughout the body telling organs and muscles what to do. Although neurons comprise only 10% of brain cells, their ...

The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) initiative recently described the clinical relevance and associated autoantibodies of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescence (HEp-2 IIF) patterns.1 We ...

Such antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on ethanol-fixed neutrophilic granulocytes revealing a pattern of perinuclear staining (P-ANCA). Many years later it appeared that ...

Almost 50–70% of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients have antinuclear antibodies (ANA), the most relevant immunofluorescence patterns being anti-multiple nuclear dots and anti-rim-like ...