Two different testing methods have revealed that rocks from the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt in northeastern Canada date back to 4.16 billion years ago, reinforcing their status as the oldest reliably ...

As it happens, Worcester sits neatly in a veritable treasure of time, as far west as New York state, as far north as Maine, ...

Sodalite forms in igneous rocks that crystallized from sodium-rich, silica-poor magmas. That’s how it got its name—soda + lithos, or “sodium stone," according to Rock Your World gem & art ...

In a recent study, geologists say Michigan is home to the oldest known rock in the nation. Watersmeet gneiss is found in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Minnesota's Morton gneiss previously held the ...

Rock classification is one of the fundamental tasks in geological studies. This process normally requires a human expert to examine a sample the rocks. In this research, we employ machine learning ...

This study compiles comprehensive geochemical data, including major and trace elements, as well as the isotopic composition of igneous rocks spanning from 147 to 40 Ma at the Santos Basin and adjacent ...

Igneous rocks observed in thin sections can be classified into three types of volcanic facies (Figure 4): effusive, intrusive, and extrusive rock. Effusive facies represents magma that has erupted ...

The exploration that led to this pivotal discovery unfolded deep within the Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) in South Africa, an area known for its valuable ore deposits. Now, this region can claim the ...

Igneous Rock Phosphate: ore grades, concentrates and mining operations around the world Drs. Sandeep Banerjee, Peir K. Pufahl, Sarah Dare ...

ABSTRACT Different parent materials participate in the formation of soils in the hilly landscape of “ Mar de Morros ” in the Atlantic Forest environment. Those derived from mafic igneous rock (gabbro) ...

Ancient rocks known as massif-type anorthosites have long puzzled scientists, presenting an enigma that has endured for decades and sparked intense debate within the geological community. These vast, ...

Igneous rocks Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of magma below the earth’s surface. When the magma is unable to erupt through the earth surface during its upward journey, it is held up ...