Yet the typical modern scholar and biographer can be counted on to interpret their expressions of religious sentiment as nods to convention or unthinking verbiage.

Every time we use our smartphones or computers, we encounter the legacy of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi—a remarkable scholar who laid the foundations for modern technology to thrive.

This remarkable Uzbek scholar laid the foundations for modern technology to thrive—from the digit “0” to the algorithms that power everything from social media to Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Every time we use our smartphones or computers, we encounter the legacy of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi—a remarkable scholar who laid the foundations for modern technology to thrive.