Abstract: Conventional dc–dc power conversion system for electric vehicles (EVs) needs separate dc–dc converter for each on-board charger (OBC), low-voltage dc–dc converter (LDC), and traction ...
Abstract: This article presents a novel integrated on-board charger (OBC) and low-voltage dc–dc converter (LDC) system to improve the cross-regulation performance of electric vehicles. The proposed ...
Old photographs fade. It’s a chemical fact, a slow surrender to time and light. Colors drift toward sepia, then collapse into monochrome. Fine details soften, hiding behind scratches, dust, and noise.