Europe’s objective is clear: a system that provides affordable, low-carbon energy while ensuring resilience and security of supply. The encouraging news is that these objectives reinforce one another.

Comprehensive regulatory reforms, including a simplified and coherent national licensing and permitting policy, can help ...

Technological change has reshaped job markets for centuries. But the benefits have not always been widely shared. As AI and digital technologies transform today’s workplace even those at the forefront ...

Until recently, governments could postpone these choices by borrowing on convenient terms. But now, unprecedented debt levels ...

National statistical systems generate the statistics that underpin policy, economic analysis, and public trust. Yet, despite decades of investment in statistical capacity, two persistent challenges, ...

Our research shows that a comprehensive package of EU-level and national reforms—reducing intra-EU barriers toward U.S. levels and creating a truly integrated Single Market—could raise productivity by ...

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff team, led by Mr. Varapat Chensavasdijai, visited San José during February 25–March 9, 2026 for the 2026 Article IV consultation. At the conclusion of the ...

After the global financial crisis, the monetary-fiscal policy mix was the key to preventing a more severe and persistent ...

Keynote Speech by IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva at Japan's Ministry of Finance's "Future of the Global Economy amid a Fluid International Economic and Monetary Order" Symposium ...

This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes—Data Module (Data ROSC) assesses the quality of Cambodia’s key macroeconomic statistics programs. The assessment is based on the 2025 pilot version ...

The EU has ambitious goals for climate and energy security. Its targets and policies may have large macroeconomic ...

This paper studies the macroeconomic consequences of undermining central bank independence through politically motivated ...