Azerbaijan's president has confronted Putin over the devastating plane crash that killed 38 people on Christmas Day.

Russian President Vladimir Putin apologized for the plane crash in Russian air space on Christmas Day that left 38 people dead in a statement that said Russia was targeting Ukrainian drones over the plane’s planned destination at the time, but stopped short of taking responsibility.

In the crash’s aftermath, Azerbaijan has unleashed rare and stinging criticism of Russia, with the country’s president saying Moscow’s response has caused “surprise, regret and rightful indignation.”

Russia's leader apologises over the downing of an Azerbaijani plane in Russian airspace - without directly taking blame.

Four sources with knowledge of the preliminary findings of Azerbaijan's investigation told Reuters that Russian air defences mistakenly shot it down.

Evidence that a Russian missile may have shot down an Azerbaijani passenger jet has sparked anger in the Caucasus and beyond. Putin issued an apology of sorts, a move that was unprecedented but may not eliminate the effects of the disaster on Russia’s already damaged reputation in the region.

Russian President Vladimir Putin apologized for the deadly Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243 crash on Christmas but did not take responsibility for causing it as an investigation continues into the matter.

Allegations mounted that Russian air defenses shot down the plane while attempting to deflect a Ukrainian drone strike.

"The blame for this disaster lies with representatives of the Russian Federation," Ilham Aliyev said on Jan. 6.