Precise water analysis is essential in ensuring pharmaceutical products’ performance, safety, and adherence to regulations. Karl Fischer (KF) titration is a widely used method for water content ...

Water impacts the quality of a wide range of products: chemicals, medicines, lithium-ion batteries, and food. Optimizing the water content present can help maintain product performance, shelf life and ...

Karl Fischer titration is based upon the original Bunsen reaction: which was later modified to the final equation: The reaction titrates the volume of KF reagent required to react the iodine until all ...

The authors developed a robust, automated system to conduct Karl Fischer moisture assays for lyophilized products. Karl Fischer titration is one of the few assay techniques recognized by the US Food ...

Karl Fischer titration is a broadly used approach for calculating water content across multiple samples. However, to get accurate and reliable results, it’s essential to follow a proper workflow. Two ...

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is an analytical technique, which is often thought of as the gold standard for analyzing intermolecular interactions. It is a titrimetric method, which is a ...

In Karl Fischer analysis, sulfur trioxide can react with DMSO, invalidating test results. The authors evaluated different instruments and methods, described in this article, to minimize the impact on ...