Fig 1. The standard Howland Current Pump (HCP) is a current source that can generate both positive and negative current. Fig 2. Adding a boost circuit to an HCP design allows for higher output current ...

Green energy applications such as hybrid vehicles, wind energy, and solar energy stand to reap big benefits from regulated electronic power conversion common to switch-mode power supplies (SMPS).

Planar spiral inductors are less expensive than eitherchip or coil inductors for PCB (printed-circuit-board)-based designs. Accuracy in designinga spiral inductor is important because it isdifficult ...

Air core inductors exhibit high Q, maintain a constant inductance value regardless of current, and can be tuned to specific inductance values by manipulating the distance between coil windings. They ...