Tephra is a general term for fragments of volcanic rock and lava that are blasted into the air by explosions or carried upward by hot gases. Tephra includes large, dense chunks, light rock debris ...

United States - January 02, 2025 January 2, 2025 – Intense lava fountaining in the southwest portion of Kaluapele (Kīlauea caldera) has created a dramatic tephra cone perched along the caldera ...