At its core, SPM operates on the principle of measuring interactions between a sharp probe and the surface of a material. As the probe scans across the surface, it detects variations in physical ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that is used to see and measure surface topography, conduct force measurements or manipulate a sample’s surface. It can have nearly ...

Lithium ion batteries dominate the energy storage sector from the scale of small portable devices to electric vehicles and even grid-scale electricity suppliers. Research is constantly ongoing to ...

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