It’s a scientific goldmine. Although the mantle is a 2,900km layer of semi-solid rock, it lies at least six kilometers beneath the crust. This makes it nearly impossible to sample. But in 2023 ...

A breakthrough study has provided the most detailed 3D look yet at the inner workings of the Tonga Subduction Zone, where ...

Because the waves don't run into grain boundaries as often when passing through the LLSVPs, they don't lose as much energy as they do in surrounding rock. Crystals in the mantle take a long time ...