To determine the etiology of the nail dystrophy, consider roentgenograms of the affected digit, nail-plate avulsion and biopsy of the nail matrix, or both.—Philip R. Cohen, MD (157-2) ...

These conditions might require partial nail plate avulsion, removal of the vascular tissue lesion, or both. Incision and drainage may be necessary if abscess is present.

Management strategies for this condition range from conservative measures—such as proper nail trimming and footwear modifications—to surgical interventions including nail plate avulsion and ...