In the last installment of Circuit VR, we walked around a simplified buck converter. The main simplification was using a constant PWM signal. The result is that the output voltage is a fixed fraction ...

The first thing I ever built without a kit was a 5 V regulated power supply using the old LM309K. That’s a classic linear regulator like a 7805. While they are simple, they waste a lot of energy as ...

Power supply circuits come in the form of voltage step-up (boost) or the more common step-down (buck) DC/DC converter. Many of today’s applications require multiple voltage rails to drive a variety of ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. When converting a higher voltage to a lower voltage, a buck (switching) converter provides much greater efficiency than ...