4 Compaction As more and more layers build up, the weight of the layers on top compacts the layers below. 5 Cementation In the final process of sedimentary rock formation, some of the minerals in ...

Earthquakes occur along fault lines between continental plates, where one plate is diving beneath another. Pressure builds between each plate, called fault stress. When this stress builds enough to ...

Using the principle of faunal succession, if an unidentified fossil is found in the same rock layer as an index fossil, the two species must have existed during the same period of time (Figure 4).

There are lots of types of rock and each type has different properties and uses. For example, some are strong and hard but others are soft and sandy. Some rocks are harder than others. For example ...